Institutionalization of Intramuros
As the Governor General’s residence was transferred from Intramuros to Malacañan in the district of San Miguel, it ushered in a continuous development of the arrabales. The walled city maintained its functions in governance, educational institutions, and religious activity. The period also ushered in Philippine independence from its Spanish colonizers.
1872
17 February
Three Filipino priests, Fr. Mariano Gomes, Fr. Jose Burgos, and Fr. Jacinto Zamora, are executed by garotte in Bagumbayan on charges of alleged involvement in the Cavite Mutiny.
1887
31 July
The cornerstone for the Tutuban station, which would serve as the starting point for the first railroad tracks in the Philippines, is laid in Manila by Governor-General Emilio Terrero.
7 August
Filipino patriot Jose Rizal returns to Manila after a five-year sojourn in Europe to assist his family in addressing the issues concerning the friar lands their family is managing in Calamba, Laguna.
30 August
Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere is deemed "heretical, impious, and scandalous to the religious orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, and offensive to the government of Spain" by a three-man committee appointed by the Rector of the University of Santo Tomas.
1892
7 July
The Katipunan is founded as a clandestine organization with the goal of initiating a revolution against Spanish rule and achieving independence for the Philippines.
24 November
The first railroad line in the Philippines is inaugurated, stretching 195 kilometers from Manila to Dagupan, Pangasinan.
1896
18 July
Spanish authorities uncover evidence of the Katipunan's existence during a thorough search of the printing shop of Diario de Manila.
30 August
Governor-general Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in the provinces of Manila, Bulacan, Batangas, Cavite, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Pampanga.
30 December
Jose Rizal, following a death sentence handed down by a military court, is executed by firing squad at Bagumbayan.
1898
1 May
United States Admiral George Dewey defeats the Spanish naval forces in the Battle of Manila Bay.
12 June
Revolutionary leader General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine independence from Spanish rule in his residence in Kawit, Cavite.
13 August
The mock battle of Manila takes place between American troops commanded by General Wesley Merritt and Admiral Dewey and the Spanish forces stationed inside Intramuros led by General Fermin Jaudenes. Notably, Filipino forces are excluded from participating in the battle.
1899
4 February
Hostilities between Filipino and American forces begin with shootings at the corner of Sociego and Silencio Streets in Sta. Mesa, Manila, triggering the Philippine-American War.
6 February
Learning of the hostilities between Filipino and American forces, the U.S. Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris, which annexes the Philippines to the United States
4 March
The First Philippine Commission led by Jacob Schurmann, Dean Worcester, and Charles Denby arrive in Manila after appointment by US President McKinley to report on the social conditions in the Philippines.
16 March
President McKinley appoints William Howard Taft to head the second Philippine Commission to form a government in the Philippines.
21 March
The Department of Public Instruction is established by the American colonial government to supervise a secular public school system.
18 June
The Philippine Assembly through Act No. 1870 establishes the University of the Philippines in Manila.
1 July
The Philippine Organic Act (Cooper Act) is enacted by the US Congress, allowing the establishment of the Philippine Assembly.
1901
4 July
President McKinley establishes a civil government in the Philippines headed by William Howard Taft.
23 August
400 American teachers arrive in the country aboard the USS Thomas and are deployed to teach in public schools.
1902
1 July
The Philippine Organic Act (Cooper Act) is enacted by the US Congress, allowing the establishment of the Philippine Assembly.
es headed by William Howard Taft.
4 July
President Theodore Roosevelt announces the end of the Philippine insurrection and grants amnesty to revolutionaries willing to surrender to American authorities.
1907
30 July
The first national elections for the Philippine Assembly are held.
16 October
The Philippine Assembly is inaugurated in Sta. Cruz, Manila with Sergio Osmeña elected as Speaker and Manuel Quezon as majority floor leader.
